Hi Jamie,
From what I gather surfing takes place in 3 main spots : le Moule, St Anne and Bananiers (near Trois Rivières). First things first : is being close to a surfing spot your main priority or do you have to think about getting a job somewhere ?
All 3 places mentioned have their pluses and minuses. I really like Le Moule because it's a cool, laid back town that remains very authentic as it's outside of the tourist circuit but still close to Saint François which is nice. I don't really like Saint Anne because it's overly developed for the tourist industry. At the same time you have lots going on there and nice beaches. I live in Saint Claude closer to Bananiers, the beach where my son (16) takes surfing lessons. Can highly recommend his surfing instructor Lionel (06 90 69 85 52). He has kids of all ages. My son really appreciates both him and the way he teaches.
All places mentioned have schools private and public. You only have to look it up on the web. I'm assuming you speak French ; ).
I enjoy living in Saint Claude, because it's cooler (sits on the bottom slope of the volcano), and is very authentic. This is the quieter, more tropical side of the island. The downside is that there's a lot less going on here (courses, activities, fewer restaurants) than on Grande Terre. But very good hiking. The best beach (maybe the best on the island) is for me Deshaies, but that's on the northern side of Basse Terre (takes about an hour to get there from Saint Claude). No surfing there, otherwise I would highly recommend that area !
One final thought : if surfing for your kids really is your number one priority, you'll have to find a place not too far from one of those beaches. I get the impression people think they can transfer from one place to another pretty quickly, but the roads are limited and there are often traffic jams. Surf lessons almost always take place in the morning. You don't want to have to drive 1 hr or more every Saturday to get your kids to their surf lesson. At least I wouldn't !
Hope this helps !
JonesNimes