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Shortest route from student to naturalisaion ?

Elexses Valaxx

Hi all ! looking for reality checks and first-hand experiences.


Background: Non-EU student at Uni Heidelberg, lawfully resident since April 2022.


Graduation: Oct 2026 (estimate).


After study: Switch off student title to either 禮21(5) Freiberufler (quant/data/DeFi) or 禮21(1) start-up. Target income minimum 4550k/yr, could be higher up 8090k/yr


Health insurance is in place since Day 1.


Naturalisation goal: Apply as soon as the 5-year mark hits ( April 2027) with B1 + Einb羹rgerungstest + secure livelihood.


Travel pattern: Likely nomadic lifestyle after graduation, but <6 months per trip abroad; still based/registered in Germany with a proper address and its housing contract.


Questions:


Has anyone here naturalised after mainly student years (4.5 out of required 5) with only a short period on a freelance Visa 禮21 before applying? Is it expected that I freelance for a longer period of time in Germany before applying? Or will it not make any difference at all?


Does it make sense to move to Berlin or other cities where the processing times are faster? I'm not geographically tied to an office so this is also an option for me.


Did your office require a Steuerberater Pr羹fungsbericht or similar proof of stable freelance income?


How many in-person appointments did you have (ID/originals + ceremony), and how long did Heidelberg (or similar cities) take from filing to Urkunde?


Any issues with absences <6 months while the application was pending? I'm planning to hop around a LOT <3


For those who chose 禮21(1) start-up instead of pure freelance: any different risks/timelines for naturalisation?


TL;DR: Student since 04/2022 graduate 10/2026 switch to 禮21 (freelance or start-up) apply at ~5 years (04/2027). 4.5 years of student, then 6 months of freelancing, going for naturalization - Is this realistic?


Thanks in advanced!

See also

Getting married in GermanyEntry requirements for GermanyBritish Citizen with US Social Security and move to GermanyStudying in Germany; blocked accounts, student health insuranceCommercial lease
beppi

Why do you want to become German, if you are half the time outside the country and speak German only at B1 level?!?

TominStuttgart

@Elexses Valaxx


Sorry but you have misunderstood the residency requirements. If one completes a university degree in Germany then they get 1 year counted towards the 5 year requirement. Doesnt matter how long they were a student. Could be 10 years - and they still only get 1 year credit. The other years are a conditional residency and simply dont count. As you mention, B1 German for citizenship needed but if one has C1 (or maybe its just B2) then they can subtract another year off. At the very least you will need 3 years after finishing, 4 if you only have B1 German.


In addition one has to pass the citizenship test and will have their work, finances and living situation scrutinized. If unemployed or on any kind of social assistance then they are not eligible. They dont want people to become citizens and then just live off of the State. They also look if one has a criminal record, belongs to any undemocratic, criminal or extremist groups, have they filed and paid their taxes and social contributions if required. About half of people who apply for citizenship, despite having the basics like the needed years of residency and citizen and German exams done are rejected. Not to say that the pathway and intention to become a German citizen is bad in anyway but many think they have a right to it. It is always a privilege.


And one gets up to 18 months after finishing a degree to find a job in their field of study. If they manage, then they are on the pathway to long term residency or citizenship. I am not sure but dont think permission to freelance is guaranteed. One likely needs to present their business plan and get approval. And unless one is significantly successful, then officials might feel insecure about your work and financial prospects, resulting in rejection. Guaranteeing a secure livelihood is generally less complicated having a normal job with good salary. Nobody can guarantee what a freelance will make; they can only go by some years of factual data with hopefully a projected positive future in the market. They will look at your tax filings; not likely a need for another certification of income but could be possible. And most startups tend to struggle at first. Can be some years that even a successful one is making solid profits. Thus, if given permission to do a startup, one might need extra time to get approval of citizenship.


Scenario; they say you need 3 more years of residency. You manage a startup. The first year it loses some money but establishes a customer base. The next couple of years it grows but still doesnt show a high level of profit. Then applying for citizenship could be a mistake without a longer track record of financial well-being. And while one is likely eligible to try a couple of years later, having the first rejection looks bad. Maybe better to have waited to first apply. If one has the long term goal of citizenship and building a future in Germany then doing it as fast as possible is NOT always the best approach. Nobody gets a prize for how quick they do it. And where one does such things can have a difference but usually where one works and has a good place to live are more significant than possibly rushing such an approval.