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Is your blue card still valid?

Yes it is

And is it tied to one employer,or does it give you general access to the labour market?

It was tied to my old employer. I worked there for 2 years 10 months. And then I lost the job and then the further events.

So, if it was tied to your old employer, it is not valid any longer after that job ends.
You then need a new visa allowing work. What visa are you on now?

One never NEEDS a blue card to work. Most non-EU persons need a work visa to enter Germany, then a residency permit allowing work is issued. A blue card is something that gives some extra perks like a shorter pathway to permanent residency or citizenship. But a standard work visa and permit are all that are legally needed. Plenty of foreigners get these without qualifying for a blue card.

Since you are already residing in Germany, it seems you would just have to clarify whether you can retrain or get a new blue card - or simply a permission to work without one. If your new job doesn’t qualify you for a blue card, say the salary is not high enough; it doesn’t necessitate that you can’t be allowed to stay and work.

There seems to be an obsession for some workers to have a blue card - although it often gives no extra benefits in their particular circumstances if they don't intend to live in Germany indefinitely. Some seem to just want it for the bragging rights; showing off that they have an important well paying job...

But I don't think there is anyway around going through the proper office. Many had limited hours because of Covid and avoided in person meetings but they must be somehow reachable by phone. You need to keep trying and possibly contact another number to verify the number of the person(s) in charge. No sense in continually trying a number that might not be in service anymore; doesn't mean there isn't a new number.